KEBIJAKAN KANADA MEMPERKUAT MILITERNYA DI SAMUDERA ARKTIK (2005-2013)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the reasons why Canada strengthen its military in the Arctic. In
2005, under the leadership of Canadian prime minister, Paul Martin, Canada issued
International Policy Statement which emphasize the strengthening of Canadian military in
the Arctic. Furthermore, since 2006, under the new leadership of Canadian prime minister,
Stephen Harper, Canada has announced its policy to strengthen the Canadian military in the
Arctic.
This study uses the qualitative research methods with references taken from books, journals,
papers and valid news from web. This study uses state-level analysis. The author uses neorealist
perspective, and the theory of action-reaction model by Barry Buzan to analyze the
question of the research.
Since the end of the Cold War, Canadian military activity re-emerged in the Arctic region in
2002, indicated by military operation and the presence of Canadian warships. In 2001,
Russia claimed a region in the Arctic, which cause the territorial dispute with Canada.
Russia also released the maritime doctrine in 2001, that emphasize the strengthening of
Russian naval power in the Arctic region. Under the leadership of Russian president Vladimir
Putin, and also to Dmitry Medvedev, Russian has strengthened its military in the Arctic by
strategic flights, balistic misille launching, military exercises, and with construction and
modernization of Russian Northern Fleet. Russian’s policy to strengthen its military in the
Arctic is a threat to Canada, so since 2005, Canadian Government has strengthened its
military in the Arctic.
Key Word: Arctic Ocean, Canadian military strengthening, territorial dispute, threat.