Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari PFAD Dengan Katalis Cu-HAp: Variasi Nisbah PFAD : Metanol dan Massa Katalis

Abstract

The increasing level of human dependence on fuel oil, an active step is needed to develop alternative fuels. At present biodiesel is a reliable energy as an environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative energy in its production. Biodiesel is a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) made from fat / oil. In this research, PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Destillate) is used as raw material for making biodiesel. PFAD will be converted to FAME. This esterification reaction varied the ratio of PFAD: Methanol 1: 8, 1:12, and 1:15 with a constant stirring speed of 350 rpm at a temperature of 60 ˚C for 3 hours. The presence of metalhydroxyapatite catalysts (Cu-HAp, Co-HAp, Ni-HAp, and HAp) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 grams will help convert PFAD to FAME. The effect of time and type of metal-HAp on the conversion of PFAD to FAME will be the focus of the study in this study. The highest biodelic yield was obtained at the PFAD ratio: Metahonol 1:15 with a catalyst mass of 0.1 gram. The biodiesel physics test results are in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006 which includes a density of 0.84 g / ml, viscosity of 4.8 cSt, flash point of 120 ˚C, yield of 61.48%, acid number of 0.73 mg KOH / g of oil. Based on the analysis of GC-MS (Mass Chromatography Gas), the main compounds found in the biodiesel from PFAD were Pandecanoic methyl ester 18.49%.
Key Words : biodiesel, esterification, methanol, PFAD.