PERAN DAN TANTANGAN UNHCR DALAM MELINDUNGI PENGUNGSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DI ACEH

Abstract

The Rohingya humanitarian crisis is one of the most complex refugee issues in Southeast Asia, with Aceh serving as a key transit area from the 2009 refugee influx to 2025. Indonesia, which has not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention, continues to provide space for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to carry out its international protection mandate. This study aims to analyze the role and challenges of UNHCR in protecting Rohingya refugees in Aceh. The study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a document study approach through analysis of official reports, policies, and related publications. The analytical framework is based on Clive Archer's theory of international organizations with a pluralist perspective at the group level of analysis. The results show that UNHCR plays a significant role in providing legal protection, basic humanitarian assistance, and coordination with the central government, local governments, and humanitarian partners, while also building social understanding to reduce tensions with local communities. However, limitations in the national legal framework, social resistance, and limited resources are key challenges. This study concludes that despite facing various structural obstacles, UNHCR remains a key actor in maintaining refugee protection and strengthening humanitarian solidarity in the Southeast Asian region.

Keywords: UNHCR, Rohingya Refugees, Aceh