Pengaruh Waktu Inokulasi Inokulum Dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Limbah Srabut Buah Sawit Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Abstract

Bioethanol is produced with raw materials containing starch plant or carbohydrates
(rice,  maize, tubers, etc.) and cellulosic materials (wood, agricultural waste), conducted
through the conversion of carbohydrates into sugar (glucose) with the fermentation process
by microorganisms. Bioethanol can be made as solvents, perfume ingredients, flavourings,
food dyes and medications, even can be made as alternative fuels. Bioethanol production is
done by the hidrolysis and fermentation or frequently called to SHF process (Separated
Hydrolysis and Fermentation). Cellulose and hemiscellulose  to be used is sourced from palm
fiber waste. The goal of this study is to obtain the effect of time of inoculation inoculum and
also get the optimum concentration of  bioethanol in the manufacture of bioethanol from
palm fruits fiber waste. Stages of the purification process starts from pretreatment,
delignification with ash extract TKS and purification with hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). After
the purification process, the next stage is hidrolysis process with sulfur acid (H2SO4  2M).
Hidrolysis was done at a temperature of 100 o
C and a reaction time about 3 hours to get the
initial glucose. The effect of inoculum time to be done in this study by the variaion of time 24,
48, 60 and 72 hours. Number of cells for the inoculum  will be analyzed with
spectrophotometer by observing optical density (OD). Fermentation process will take place
during 4,5 days (108 hours) by the variation of time 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 108 hours with the
help of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result showed that the best time of inoculum occurred
at 60 hours with OD 0,882 with time of  fermentation at 96 hours which got the concentration
of bioethanol 6 v/v (47,34 gr/L).
Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, hidrolysis, inoculum, palm fiber, Saccharomyces  
cerevisiae